The Knowledge Bottleneck: Analyzing Barriers to Effective Knowledge Management System (KMS) Use in Public Institutions
A Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak
Dalam era transformasi digital, Sistem Manajemen Pengetahuan (Knowledge Management Systems/KMS) memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan transparansi, efisiensi, dan pembelajaran organisasi di berbagai lembaga publik. Meskipun memiliki potensi besar, banyak pemerintah—terutama di negara berkembang—masih mengalami hasil implementasi yang tidak merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan utama dan faktor pendukung yang memengaruhi keberhasilan adopsi KMS di organisasi sektor publik. Dengan menggunakan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang berpedoman pada protokol PRISMA 2020, penelitian ini menganalisis secara sistematis 22 studi empiris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2006 hingga 2024 dan diambil dari basis data Scopus dan Web of Science. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa faktor teknologi, organisasi, dan manusia secara bersama-sama membentuk keberhasilan KMS. Hambatan umum meliputi infrastruktur TIK yang tidak memadai, kekakuan birokrasi, resistensi terhadap perubahan, dan rendahnya literasi digital. Sebaliknya, komitmen kepemimpinan, budaya organisasi yang mendukung, integrasi teknologi, dan keselarasan kebijakan muncul sebagai faktor pendukung utama. Ditafsirkan melalui kerangka Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE), Knowledge-Based View (KBV), dan Socio-Technical Systems (STS), temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kecanggihan teknologi saja tidak menjamin efektivitas—kepemimpinan strategis dan transformasi budaya sama pentingnya. Studi ini memberikan pemahaman holistik tentang dinamika implementasi KMS di sektor publik dan menawarkan wawasan berbasis bukti bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk memperkuat tata kelola pengetahuan dan inovasi kelembagaan.
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